Dockerfile
Official Dockerfile Documentation
Docker Images Docs is also a good place to get information on using various basic images which can be built off of.
Below, we define a Dockerfile within some exclusive directory on our system where we want to work on our docker image. Create this file with any text editor, where the following commands are possible in a CMD input format.
FROM defines the base image to build off of from a repository on dockerhub
LABEL
RUN defines a command to run in sequence as the Dockerfile is built.
SHELL Restarts into a given shell, seen below where we pass --login and -c parameters to bash
EXPOSE defines a port to expose on the container to the host
VOLUME
USER
WORKDIR
ENTRYPOINT
ENV
ARG
COPY \
# Default repository is the same that is used when running `hexo init`
ARG REPO='https://github.com/hexojs/hexo-starter'
# https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx as our base image to build off of
FROM nginx:latest
# Otherwise provide one during build..
# `docker build -t <TAG> . --build-params REPO='https/github.com/username/repo'
ARG REPO
LABEL maintainer='username@gmail.com'
# Install additional packages we need
RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade && apt install -y curl vim
# Grab NVM and restart shell to load commands into bash
RUN curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.34.0/install.sh | bash
SHELL ["/bin/bash", "--login", "-c"]
# Install NVM stable version and hexo
RUN nvm install stable
RUN npm install -g hexo-cli
EXPOSE 8080
In the Dockerfile above, I use ARG to define a default value REPO which represents the repository to clone when building this docker image. In this case, the repository is the same that is cloned automatically when running hexo init. Since we defined ARG REPO after the FROM command in the dockerfile, it will be accessible for the entire build process, instead of being limited to FOR. If you want to provide a different value for this when building the image, you can do so by using `docker build -t
SHELL restarts our shell to load the nvm commands into bash so we can in the next step nvm install stable. Otherwise, this command would fail saying that nvm did not exist.
Building Docker Images
To build a dockerfile into an image, run the following command, where -t is tagging the built image with a tag in the preferred format of dockerhub-username/dockerhub-reponame:version
docker build -t username/nginx-hexo:0.1 .
Running Built Images
We can run docker images and see the following output displaying all the built docker images on our machine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
username/nginx-hexo 0.1 86325466e505 32 minutes ago 331MB
Now to start our newly built image, we run the following command
docker container run -d --name nginx-hexo \
username/nginx-hexo:0.1
To check that our image is running, run docker container ls to see output similar to the below
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7a74d968f0d2 username/nginx-hexo:0.1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 80/tcp, 8080/tcp nginx-hexo
Pushing Images to DockerHub
To login to docker, we need to run docker login and follow the prompts, supplying our username and password. On some systems, you could see the below error -
error getting credentials - err: exit status 1, out: `GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.freedesktop.secrets was not provided by any .service files`
To fix this, we run the following
sudo apt install gnupg2 pass
After logging into docker on your machine, since we already properly tagged our image when we built it with docker build -t <TAG> . above, we can simply docker push <TAG>. Below, we look up our image's local ID and retag it to ensure this matches our DockerHub username and preferred image name / tag. Then, we push the image to DockerHub, publicly. If you want this image to be private, which it should be if unstable, you can do so by logging into dockerhub and modifying the repository settings after making the first push.
Get the image ID -
docker images
username/nginx-hexo 0.1 86513686e505 32 minutes ago 331MB
Assign the image ID a new tag (This is the same as the old in this case) -
docker tag 83213123e515 username/nginx-hexo:0.1
Push the docker image to DockerHub -
docker push username/nginx-hexo:0.1
Saving Images Locally
If you don't want to push to DockerHub for any reason, you can always just save you image locally using docker save, and then reload it later either on the same machine or a new one by using docker load.
Save the image
docker save username/nginx-hexo:0.1 > nginx-hexo.tar
Reload the image
docker load --input nginx-hexo.tar
You should see the following output
a333833f30f7: Loading layer [==================================================>] 59.4MB/59.4MB
68a235fa3cf2: Loading layer [==================================================>] 119.3kB/119.3kB
b402ba6c11cd: Loading layer [==================================================>] 135.7MB/135.7MB
3fc85c9d7bd6: Loading layer [==================================================>] 17.61MB/17.61MB
Loaded image: username/nginx-hexo:0.1
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